Clone of Clone of Clone of Clone of Clone of 지도자 양성
그리스도인으로서 우리는 하나님, 이웃, 우리 자신과의 관계에서 지속적으로 성장해야 합니다. 특히 교회의 직제 사역에서 봉사하도록 부름받은 사람들은 더욱 그렇습니다. 사역 장로나 집사로서 미국장로교 교회를 현재 섬기고 있거나 섬기고자 하는 이들은, 그 신앙이 성장해야 할 뿐만 아니라 그 소명에 맞게 리더십도 성장해야 합니다.
사역 장로는 "하나님 말씀에 대한 신실함을 분별하고 측정하며 개체교회의 신앙과 삶을 견고케 하고 양육하도록 개체교회가 선택"한 사람들입니다.(미국장로교 규례서, G-2.0301). 그리고 "성경에 명시된 집사의 사역은 긍휼, 전도, 섬김의 직분으로서 예수 그리스도의 구속의 사랑을 나누는" 것입니다. (G-2.0201) 이러한 교회의 직분자 양성을 위한 자료가 여기에 있습니다.
In the United States, we may think of all the countries shown in this map as “Eastern Europe.” To people living in these countries, however, this term may not be one they embrace. Just as North Carolina was one of the original colonies in America, to describe it as a colony now would show ignorance of its origin homeland to Native Americans and its evolution in the past 400 years. Likewise, we acknowledge that we refer to these countries as “Eastern Europe,” but they are diverse in ethnicity and history.
The Baltic nations area Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
East Europe is comprised of Belarus, Czechia, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, (Transylvanian) Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine and western Russia.
The Balkan nations include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, (northern) Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, (lower) Romania, Serbia and Slovenia.
The Romani (Roma) people are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group that primarily lives in Europe. They do not identify with a territory, but their identity is bound up with the freedom expressed, in part, by having no ties to a homeland. Their language and genetic evidence point to Indian origin. Currently, the United Nations identifies them as one of the world’s most populous marginalized communities. They have been persecuted for hundreds of years, and during World War II, hundreds of thousands were murdered by the Nazis.
The distance from north to south (Tallinn, Estonia, to Thessaloniki, Greece) is 1,300 miles, approximately half the distance from New York to San Francisco. The distance from Prague, Czechia, to Luhansk, Ukraine, is approximately 1,140 miles. The Eastern Europe time zone is UTC+2 (i.e., seven hours later than EST, which is UTC-5). Kiev, Ukraine, is UTC+3.
The countries that are predominantly Orthodox Christians are Moldova (92%), Greece (90%), Serbia (88%), Romania (86%), Ukraine (78%), Bulgaria (75%), Belarus (73%) and Russia (71%).
The predominantly Roman Catholic nations are Poland (87%), Croatia (84%), Lithuania (75%) and Hungary (56%).
The countries that are religiously mixed are Bosnia and Herzegovina (52% Muslim and 35% Orthodox), Estonia (25% Orthodox, 25% Protestant and 45% unaffiliated), and Latvia (31% Orthodox, 23% Roman Catholic, 23% Protestant and 21 % unaffiliated).
Czechia is a country with the majority population religiously unaffiliated (72%) and 21% Roman Catholic.
In 1054, the political East-West schism bisected East Europe between Roman Catholic and Orthodox church influence. In 1453, the Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) and swiftly took over the Balkan peninsula. The Ottomans defeated Hungary in 1526 and, in 1683, besieged Vienna.
The Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth was formed in 1569. It covered about 400,000 square miles with a multiethnic population of roughly 12 million people. It ruled until its dissolution in 1797. It was responsible for breaking the Ottomans’ 1683 siege of Vienna.
In 1867, the Austro-Hungarian Empire took control of the western half of East Europe, in opposition to Ottoman control in the east. The assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, ignited the Great War.
The end of the Great War (World War I) in 1918 brought the Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman and Russian empires to an end. The national boundaries were realigned.
In 1945, after the end of World War II, expansionist Nazi Germany was defeated and territory divided among the Allies: France, England, Russia and the United States. The Cold War ensued. In 1989, the Berlin Wall was dismantled, and regimes tumbled. The USSR came to an end in 1991.
Here are links to maps that provide important information about the history of countries and people who live in Europe. Moving borders of Europe is an animated presentation of the borders and populations of Europe from 400 B.C. to 2017: visualcapitalist.com/2400-years-of-european-history. The webpage “38 maps that explain Europe,” produced in 2014, shows the changing borders plus economic data and trade alignments: vox.com/2014/9/8/6103453/38-maps-that-explain-europe. See accompanying European Maps.
Major ethnicities of the region have been in place for centuries.
When working with people from other cultures, consider the differences in perspectives due to their cultural heritage. The following considerations are on a continuum and are not mutually exclusive. The lesson: Lead with love, not labels.
Credit for Description, History and Sociocultural Considerations to Dr. Nicolae Roddy, Ph. D., Professor, Theology Department at Creighton University.
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